- Eric Hobsbawm on what Marxist historiography still has to offer
- BanComicSans.com
- Speed up Acrobat 6 loading time in Firefox
- Serialisation of Jared Diamond’s new book ‘Collapse’ in the Guardian. Part 1, Part 2
- The importance of autonomy to quality of life (Crooked Timber, commenting on ‘The Status Syndrome’)
- Everything You Wanted To Know About Literary Agents -on Neil Gaiman’s blog, but also see…
- …Nielsen Hayden on the same (interesting comments)
- Resisting specialization is to pit yourself against an inevitability, ingrained in the world as deeply as money. Aiding and abetting this unwelcome proposition is a deeper one: perhaps specialization is intrinsic to how we are able to cope with the world. (Alex, on the specialisation dilemma)
- Naming the semiotcracy (at Interconnected.org)
- Television Addiction Is No Mere Metaphor(Robert Kubey and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Scientific American)
Author: tom
Between about 1920 and 1970 a good proportion of psychology involved studying how animals learn associations – conditioning. A lot of this stuff is still true (for what it is) and relevant, but has never made it into electronic archives. If i ever want to know something about _any_ detail of classical or operant conditioning, no matter how small, i assume it must have been done by someone. Fundamentally the hypothetical result i’m thinking of will be out there already, i just need to find out where.
There’s a very senior professor in my department. I go and ask him. If he doesn’t know, he refers me to this book:
Mackintosh, N.J. (1974). The Psychology of Animal Learning. Academic Press.
Discussing work on the neurobiology of decision mechanisms (in which they find that the signal used to integrate the evidence in favour of a particular action is represented in the same area as is used to represent the action itself), Shalden & Gold speculate:
This intention-based architecture seems to take the hard work of consciousness away from the homunculus. However, another, equally mysterious mechanism seems to be required. If sensory information flows to circuits where it can exert leverage on intentions, plans, and rules, what controls the flow? Which intentions, plans, and rules are under consideration at any moment? The need for a homunculus has apparently been replaced by the need for a traffic cop.
We speculate that, unlike for the homunculus, we already have insights into the brain mechanisms that serve as traffic cop. These are the same mechanisms that allow an animal to explore its environment; that is, to forage. Foraging is about connecting data in the environment to a prediction of reward through complex behavior (Gallistel, 2000). However, in principle, the mechanisms of foraging, like the mechanisms of decision-making, do not need to be tied to overt behaviors. The same principles that apply to visits to flowers could direct the parietal lobe to query the visual cortex for evidence needed to answer a question about motion. More generally, foraging might be related to the leaps our brains make to replace one percept with another (e.g., binocular rivalry), to escape one behavioral context for another, or to explore new ideas. For cognitive neuroscientists, these ideas inspire research on how reward expectation influences sensory-motor and higher processing in association areas of the brain. For the philosopher of mind, these ideas provide an inkling of how properties of the brain give rise to agency and, perhaps, free will.
Shadlen MN, Gold JI (2004) The neurophysiology of decision-making as a window on cognition. In: The Cognitive Neurosciences, 3rd edition. (Gazzaniga MS, ed): MIT Press. [Preprint][Proofs with color figs in back]
…show me a fallen angel (2)…
It’s always surprised me that the top search term that leads people to this site is “fallen angel”. I’ve only mentioned the phrase once. But a google image search shows that most of the matches for ‘fallen angel’ are rubbish, and i’ve got a photo of Banksy‘s stencil on my site, so maybe it’s not too surprising…
post-totalitarianism
Vaclav Havel, one-time czech dissident and playwright, writing samizdat in the days of communistic eastern europe, talked of the ‘post-totalitarian’ system – a system of governence not so much based on overt violence, but on fear and more subtle controls. It’s always struck me how relevant that voice from behind the Iron Curtain and thirty years ago is to this place, this time…
Despair leads to apathy, apathy to conformity…The more completely one abandons any hope of general reform, any interest in suprapersonal goals and values, or any chance of exercising influence in an “outward” direction, the more his energy is diverted in the direction of least resistance, i.e., “inwards.” People today are preoccupied far more with themselves, their families and their homes. It is there that they find rest, there that they can forget the world?s folly and freely exercise their creative talents. They fill their homes with all kinds of appliances and pretty things, they try to improve their accommodations, they try to make life pleasant for themselves, building cottages, looking after their cars, taking more interest in food and cloth and domestic comfort. In short, they turn their main attention to the material aspects of their private lives.
Clearly, this social orientation produces favourable economic results…In the interest of the smooth management of society, then, society?s attention is deliberately diverted from itself, that is, from social concerns. By fixing a person?s whole attention on his mere consumer interests, it is hoped to render him incapable of realising the increasing extent to which he has been spiritually, politically and morally violated.
[…]
Yet these same authorities obsessively justify themselves with their revolutionary ideology, in which the ideal of man?s total liberation has a central place! But what, in fact, has happened to the concept of human personality and its many-sided, harmonious, and authentic growth? Of man liberated from the clutches of an alienating social machinery, from a mythical hierarchy of values, formalised freedoms, from the dictatorship of property, the fetish and might of money? What has happened to the idea that people should live in full enjoyment of social and legal justice, have a creative share in economic and political power, be elevated in human dignity and becomes truly themselves? Instead of a free share in economic decision making, free participation in political life, and intellectual advancement, all people are actually offered is a chance to freely choose which washing machine or refrigerator they want to buy.
In the foreground, then, stands the imposing fa?ade of grand humanistic ideals … and behind it crouches the modest family house of a socialist bourgeois. On the one side, bombastic slogans about the unprecedented increase in every sort of freedom and the unique structural variety of life; on the other, unprecedented drabness and the squalor of life reduced to a hunt for consumer goods.
In “Dear Dr. Husak”, 1975
The post-totalitarian system, after all, is not the manifestation of a particular political line followed by a particular government. It is something radically different: it is a complex, profound, and long-term violation of society, or rather the self-violation, or rather the self-violation of society. To oppose it merely by establishing a different political line and then striving for a change in government would not only be unrealistic, it would be utterly inadequate, for it would never come near to touching the root of the matter. For some time now, the problem has no longer resided in a political line or program: it is a problem of life itself.
[….]
In the democratic societies, where the violence done to human beings in not nearly so obvious and cruel, this fundamental revolution in politics has yet to happen, and some things will probably have to get worse there before the urgent need for that revolution is reflected in politics.
In “The power of the powerless”, 1978
It really is not all that important whether, by accident or domicile, we confront a Western manager or an Eastern bureaucrat in this very modest and yet globally crucial struggle against the momentum of impersonal power….all of us, East and West, face one fundamental task from which all else should follow. That task is one of resisting vigilantly, thoughtfully and attentively, but at the same time with total dedication, at every step and everywhere, the irrational momentum of anonymous, impersonal and inhuman power – the power of ideologies, systems, apparat, bureaucracy, artificial languages and political slogans. We must resist its complex and wholly alienating pressure, whether it takes the form of consumption, advertising, repression, technology or clich? – all of which are blood brothers of fanaticism and the wellspring of totalitarian thought
In “Politics and Conscience”, 1984.
I’ve just put up some more pictures from december and new year’s eve. Including this one I quite like of the Mind Hacks social – my brother trying out the crossed hands illusion while one of Vaughan’s friends reads from the book:
There’s also this one of Matt that i like too
In other news, I now have wireless internet at home…Woo-hoo!
Links for 14th of January 2005
- This essay won the writer ?20,000 – the annual Shell Economist prize Note to self: enter next year.
- Important and fecund article on the social forum movement (by my friend Dan, on Indymedia)
- And while we’re on sheffield indymedia – a debate about David Blunkett and what he’s done for his home constituency
- Propoganda Techniques (at disinfopedia.org)
- spare the death squad, spoil the liberation – yes, it has come to this
- lecturing Bill Gates on capitalism, is something I never realised I wanted to do until fate gave me the chance (Andrew Brown)
- ‘…as the flames lick ever higher, I will suck the smell of grilled moron greedily down into my lungs’ (The Guardian, on Astrology)
- Creative Action Network (sheffield)
- ‘Magic is alive! Though His death was pardoned ’round and ’round the world, The heart would not believe!’
- ‘Public Perception of Risk’ a DTI Foresight project by Dick Eiser (my boss)
Fwd: Cooling The Towers
—– Forwarded message from TOM COMMON —–
Date: Sat, 08 Jan 2005 19:59:05 +0000
From: go_sheffield@hotmail.com
Reply-To: go_sheffield@hotmail.com
Subject: COOLING THE TOWERS
GO sheffield here, still in love with this city. Hope you’re all well.
we’re running a competition to redesign the sheffield cooling towers, near
meadowhall. We want to reuse them, to make them represent sheffield as the
post-industrial utopia we all know and love. We want them to be our angel of
the north.
Please see the attached press release for information, plus a template for
your designs (draw your own should you wish). The deadline is 31st January.
We just want your ideas, anything goes.
PEACE
TOM COMMON
Press Release here (Word Doc)
Design Template here (jpeg)
* * *
Excerpt from Press Release:
COOL(ING) THE TOWERS
Announcing an
INTERNATIONAL DESIGN COMPETITION,
to redesign the SHEFFIELD COOLING TOWERSThe cooling towers are one of the first things people see on arriving in Sheffield from the north.
They are graceful, enormous and unused. Currently, they mean industrial collapse, defeat, it’s over.We want to make them a symbol of post-industrial Sheffield, as well known as Anthony Gormley’s Angel of the North in Gateshead, to make them represent Sheffield: industrial past, creative today, green future.
To make them mean, SHEFFIELD ??????????????
THE BEST CITY FOR LIVING IN THE WHOLE WORLDTHE BRIEF: to redesign the two cooling towers next to Meadowhall. Any medium, at any price.
Redesign, cut them up, statues inside, light out of the top. Anything.THE PRIZE: 20 ?UROS
And the chance to do something amazing for a lost northern city.
DEADLINE: 31/01/05
autumn and winter pictures
I’ve put a few new pictures up at www.idiolect.org.uk/pics. I can’t promise they will interest anyone apart from the people they are of, but there are some shots of a cute puppy dog, and this one of Dan I quite like:
Nobody made a greater mistake than he who did nothing because he could only do a little.
– Edmund Burke
psychoactive salad
Over at The Straight Dope, a reader writes:
Various health and yoga websites claim that iceberg lettuce contains chemicals similar to laudanum, morphine, or other opiates. There are also reports of people being admitted to hospitals after injecting themselves with lettuce extracts, and papers about smoking lettuce. I have found no information about the chemical constitution of lettuce that mentions morphine or opiates. Are there such things in supermarket lettuce? –Curious Lettuce Eater, via e-mail
Cecil replies:
You’re thinking: How can iceberg lettuce be a drug? It barely qualifies as a food. Little do you know. While the stuff from the supermarket isn’t likely to do much, lettuce generally speaking does contain psychoactive compounds. Enough to get you high? Hard to say. Judging from available evidence, the stuff might do nothing, give you a buzz, or kill you. Here’s what we know:
Read the rest at The Straight Dope
Links for 6th of Jan
- Psychology and Crime News – ‘A not-for-profit news information service for collating information of interest in a forensic psychological context.’
- US literature and theatre censorship plans (The Guardian)
- First genetic evidence that the human brain’s evolution was unusually fast
- Fundamentalism here and there (commondreams.org)
- How do the different faiths compare in their explanations of the tsunami disaster? (bbc)
- Word Processors: Stupid and Inefficient
- Indispensible Application (crookedtimber) (these last two via Alex)
- ‘Every day, there are traumatic injuries to cockatiels and other birds. Some are purely accidental, but others are oversights ? tragedies that could be prevented if owners knew what kinds of problems to look for in the bird?s environment. So, what kind of dangers lurk behind the sofa, in the kitchen, or under the bed?’
- A very clear case against ID cards at mikedeward.org
- More brilliance from Get Your War On
mocking empire
Rose gave me Arundhati Roy’s new book of essays for Christmas (thanks Rose!). I liked this bit:
Our strategy should be not only to confront empire but to lay siege to it. To deprive it of oxygen. To shame it. To mock it. With our art, our music, our literature, our stubbornness, our joy, our brilliance, our sheer relentlessness–and our ability to tell our own stories. Stories that are different from the ones we’re being brainwashed to believe. The corporate revolution will collapse if we refuse to buy what they are selling–their ideas, their version of history, their wars, their weapons, their notion of inevitability.
Remember this: We be many and they be few. They need us more than we need them.
(found here)
And speaking of mocking empire, here’s a good example:
Compare: www.godhatesfags.com
With: www.godhatesfigs.com
Hilarious
Papua New Guinea tribesman to explorer Bruce Parry:
I don’t know where your tribe is, but it must be rubbish. You can’t do anything. You wear these funny clothes, you can’t climb trees, and you don’t know the flora and fauna. Wherever it is you come from, it is obviously crap
Oh the joys of a clash of cultures. Reminds me of mongogo nuts
engaged for 2005
The ringing calls to opposition on the part of the readers of small left-wing magazines do not impress me, nor do I believe that America is secretly a left-wing country that is simply awaiting the clarion call. That was a Ralph Nader and Howard Dean fantasy, and there?s no evidence for it. That?s why I don?t think the lesson to learn from Kerry?s defeat is that he should have been more left-wing.
I agree with Colin Greer about being oppositional, but it has to be oppositional in a way that?s persuasive to Americans. My belief is that getting out of the sealed rooms and gated communities of the left and doing politics with people who are unlike you is to participate in the essence of politics.
(via OpenDemocracy.net, via Dan)
The Ten Thousand Things
Here’s a list of some of the bookmarks I made in 2004, meaning to read them but never quite got round to doing so. Collectively I call them The Ten Thousand Things. No guarentees of quality…
BBC – Science & Nature – Articles – Flocks, herds, swarms and schools Iain Couzin homepage :: Douglas Rushkoff – Weblog :: NATMAPreport.pdf (application/pdf Object) http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~wegner/seed.htm Majikthise : Gratitude journals and Loewenstein’s challenge Visualize The Wiki Edge: A SELF WORTH HAVING: A Talk with Nicholas Humphrey Society of the Spectacle Demos – Catalogue – Network Logic The Loom: The Unwritten Self The Shape of Days: The Ryugyong Hotel Guardian Unlimited | The Guardian | Yo-yo world of share price values Chomsky vs Foucault MSN Slate Magazine Changing minds and persuasion — How we change what others think, believe, feel and do Daedalus, or, Science and the Future
All change is the consequence of the purposeless collapse of energy and matter into disorder
– overheard on an ‘In Our Time’ about the second law of thermodynamics
Child of Our Time 2005
A year in the making, the BBC documentary I worked on for a lot of 2004 Child Of Our Time is due to be shown in January. It will show on BBC1 at 9pm, on the four tuesdays of that month; the 4th, the 11th, the 18th and the 25th of Jan. You can see a transmission card here
The Spotless Mind
How happy is the blameless vestal’s lot!
The world forgetting, by the world forgot.
Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind!
Each pray’r accepted, and each wish resign’d;
From Alexander Pope’s Eloisa To Abelard
(and, of course, the film Eternal Sunshine of The Spotless Mind)
The Tangled Wing
The second edition of Melvin Konner’s The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit is reviewed here and the book has a website, here which includes the notes Konner used to write the book (yay!) and his afterword about the dangers of sociobiology
The contents of this book are known to be dangerous.
I do not mean that in the sense that all ideas are potentially dangerous. Specifically, ideas about the biological basis of behavior have encouraged political tendencies and movements later regretted by all decent people and condemned in school histories. Why, then, purvey such ideas?
Because some ideas in behavioral biology are true?among them, to the best of my knowledge, the ones in this book?and the truth is essential to wise action. But that does not mean that these ideas cannot be distorted, nor that evil acts cannot arise from them. I doubt, in fact, that what I say can prevent such distortion. Political and social movements arise from worldly causes, and then seize whatever congenial ideas are at hand. Nonetheless, I am not comfortable in the company of scientists who are content to search for the truth and let the consequences accumulate as they may. I therefore recount here a few passages in the dismal, indeed shameful history of the abuse of behavioral biology, in some of which scientists were willing participants.
(read more)
Lynn’s favourite poem
Presentiment is that long shadow of the lawn
Indicative that suns go down;
The notice to the startled grass
The darkness is about to pass.– Emily Dickinson
Links for 14th of December 2004
- Article about Flickr on oreillynet.com by Matt and me
- Transcripts of alien broadcasts over hijacked radio and TV transmissions
- Mike Dewar has just started blogging
- The Wonderful Cafe No. 9 in Nether Edge, Sheffield
- World’s Scientists Admit They Just Don’t Like Mice
- ‘I don’t know whether it’s eating too many chocolate flapjacks or some form of dyspepsia, but I seem to spend increasing proportions of each allotted 24 hours in a rage’ (David Boyle)
- Universal TV-off remote device (fits on keyring)
- ‘How We Work’ (in the getting things done sense)
- Christian Tissier’s website (7th Dan aikido)
- Israel shocked by image of soldiers forcing violinist to play at roadblock (The Guardian)
mikedewar.org/blog
Welcome to the world of blogging to my good friend Mike over at mikedewar.org. Currently he says ‘notes of a confused, hypercaffinated PhD student’, you’ll find some complex system theory in amongst there too.
envioustime.co.uk
My website of my photographer friend Andy is now finished…The glorious envioustime.co.uk…Visit now to see many fantastic photos.
Anyone for philosophy of science?
Feynmann said (according to New Scientist)
Philosophy of science is about as useful to scientists as ornithology is to birds
Which makes me think – Lucky old Feynmann, a scientist to whom science was obviously as natural as walking. For myself, I’d like all the help i can get to recognise and perform good scientific work
The Dawn of Wonder
There’s an interesting discussion happening over at helmintholog about the evolution of foresight/insight…It reminded me of Melvin Konner’s The Tangled Wing (which has just had a second, revised, edition published – very exciting). The last section of The Tangled Wing contains the following, in a section headed “The Dawn of Wonder”:
One of the most fascinating and least discussed discoveries in the study of the wild chimpanzees was described in a short paper by Harold Bauer. He was following a well-known male through the forest of the Gombe Stream Reserve in Tanzania when the animal stopped beside a waterfall. It seemed possible that he had deliberately gone to the waterfall rather than passing it incidentally, but that was not absolutely clear. In any case, it was an impressive spot: a stream of water cascading down from a twenty-five-foot height, about a mile from the lake, thundering into the pool below and casting mist for sixty or seventy feet; a stunning sight to come upon in the midst of a tropical forest.
The animal seemed lost in contemplation of it. He moved slowly closer and began to rock, while beginning to give a characteristic round of “pant-hoot” calls. He became more excited, and finally began to run back and forth while calling, to jump, to call louder, to drum with his fists on trees, to run back again. The behavior resembled that observed by Jane Goodall in groups of chimps at the start of a rainstorm–the “rain dance,” as it has been called. But this was one animal alone, and not surprised as the animals are by sudden rain–even if he had not deliberately sought the waterfall out, he certainly knew where it was and when he would come upon it.
He continued this activity long enough so that it seemed to merit some explanation, and he did it again in the same place on other days. Other animals were observed to do it as well. They had no practical interest in the waterfall. The animals did not have to drink from the stream or cross it in that vicinity. To the extent that it might be dangerous, it could be easily avoided, and certainly did not interest every animal. But for these it was something they had to look at, return to, study, watch, become excited about: a thing of beauty, an object of curiosity, a challenge, a fetish, an imagined creature, a god? We will never know.
But for a very similar animal, perhaps five million years ago, in the earliest infancy of the human spirit, something in the natural world must have evoked a response like this one–a waterfall, a mountain vista, a sunset, the crater of a volcano, the edge of the sea–something that stopped it in its tracks and made it watch, and move, and watch, and turn, and watch again; something that made it return to the spot, though nothing gainful could take place there, no feeding, drinking, reproducing, sleeping, fighting, fleeing, nothing animal. In just such a response, in just such a moment, in just such an animal, we may, I think, be permitted to guess, occurred the dawn of awe, of sacred attentiveness, of wonder.
Fwd: Reality of a heavy thinker
It started out innocently enough. I began to think at parties now and then — to loosen up.
Inevitably, though, one thought led to another, and soon I was more than just a social thinker.
I began to think alone — “to relax,” I told myself — but I knew it wasn’t true.
Thinking became more and more important to me, and finally I was thinking all the time.
That was when things began to sour at home.
One evening I had turned off the TV and asked my wife about the meaning of life.
She spent that night at her mother’s.
I began to think on the job.
I knew that thinking and employment don’t mix, but I couldn’t stop myself.
I began to avoid friends at lunchtime so I could read Thoreau and Kafka.
I would return to the office dizzied and confused, asking, “What is it exactly we are doing here?”
One day the boss called me in.
He said, “Listen, I like you, and it hurts me to say this, but your thinking has become a real problem. If you don’t stop thinking on the job, you’ll have to find another job.”
This gave me a lot to think about.
I came home early after my conversation with the boss.
“Honey,” I confessed, “I’ve been thinking…”
“I know you’ve been thinking,” she said, “and I want a divorce!”
“But Honey, surely it’s not that serious.”
“It is serious,” she said, lower lip aquiver. “You think as much as college professors, and college professors don’t make any money, so if you keep on thinking, we won’t have any money!”
“That’s a faulty syllogism,” I said impatiently.
She exploded in tears of rage and frustration, but I was in no mood to deal with the emotional drama.
“I’m going to the library,” I snarled as I stomped out the door.
I headed for the library, in the mood for some Nietzsche.
I roared into the parking lot with NPR on the radio and ran up to the big glass doors…
They didn’t open. The library was closed.
To this day, I believe that a Higher Power was looking out for me that night.
Leaning on the unfeeling glass, whimpering for Zarathustra, a poster caught my eye.
“Friend, is heavy thinking ruining your life?” it asked.
You probably recognize that line.
It comes from the standard Thinker’s Anonymous poster.
Which is why I am what I am today: a recovering thinker.
I never miss a TA meeting.
At each meeting we watch a non-educational video; last week it was “Porky’s.”
Then we share experiences about how we avoided thinking since the last meeting.
I still have my job, and things are a lot better at home.
Life just seemed…easier, somehow, as soon as I stopped thinking.
I think the road to recovery is nearly complete for me.
Today, I registered to vote as a Republican…
links for 7th of December 2004
- Cosma Shalizi on how to tell if a distribution fits a power law, or, say, a log-normal distribution
- The ontological precariousness of the ordinary
- ‘Check the grammar, clean the swarf of punctuation from around the muzzle’ (upsideclone.com is back on-line)
- The politics of exclusion on the internet (Will Davies)
- backspace.com
- Agents, Behaviour, Emergence and Embodiment
- Zoomquilt – ‘Hippy crap…… but good hippy crap’
- ‘it is possible?righteous, even?to beat someone into embracing racial tolerance?’ (thanks for the links andy)
- Weblogs and the mass amateurisation of nearly everything (plasticbag.org)
- Who knew that there is a hidden bluegrass record suspended within the epic Pink Floyd album The Wall?
- Cat Herding
- Andrew & Suzanne in Victoria, BC
- Innovations in begging signs #75245
Lobbying Time!
Now this is important stuff. On 2nd of December the Private Members Ballot was drawn in parliament. Twenty randomly selected MPs get to introduce a bill of their own choosing. Following last thursdays’ draw the MPs in question get a few weeks to think over what bill they would like to introduce. You can see the list here and, it goes without saying, now is prime lobbying time for any particular bit of democratic change that you would like to become law. I’m suggesting you support the Local Services and Facilities Bill, which will give protection to local economies and communities. You can read about it here and the evential aim of the Local Works campaign, the Sustainable Communities Bill.
So, if you live in one of the constituencies which has an MP on the ballot (check now) you should write to them. For the good of democracy you should probably write to them whether or not you want to support the Local Services and Facilities Bill (although of course i’d be nice if you did). If you want to support the bill but don’t have a balloted MP, the Local Works campaign have a list of the 7 MPs most likely to adopt the bill, so we can write to them anyway encouraging them to do the Good Thing. (and that list coming soon, once i’ve got it).
placebo booze
Well done Cat, for getting her letter printed in the Guardian this weekend. Reprinted here for your enjoyment:
Intrigued by your experiment where Brits got “pissed” on placebos (Under The Influence, November 20), I decided to try it with my housemates. The plan: we would match each other drink for drink, except every other drink of mine would be water. After four drinks, the vote was tied as to who was the most drunk. After eight, Kevin was declared the drunkest. Conclusions: I can drink half as much and still have a good time. More interesting, however, was that voluntary abstinence provokes a strange response – many expressed sympathy that I was the one who “had” to drink less. It seems we all want to encourage each other to get as drunk as we would like to, perhaps so we don’t have to feel guilty about the amount we all drink. Advertisers aren’t the only ones who want us to drink to excess.
Cat Bardsley
Sheffield